Black Fathers Matter
Which poses a bigger threat to black communities: Racism? Or the absence of fathers? Drawing on a sea of official data and his own upbringing, talk-show host Larry Elder shows just how important black fathers are in turning boys into responsible and happy men--and how their absence has had a tragic impact on millions of black Americans.
What did Kweisi Mfume say posed a bigger threat to the black community?
White racismAbsence of black fathersAbsence of black grandfathersNo religious upbringingAmerica’s generous welfare system allows women to _______________.
receive adequate healthcareescape povertybecome business ownersmarry the governmentThere was a time when a black child was more likely to grow up with married parents than a white child.
TrueFalseIf you subsidize undesirable behavior you will get _________________.
a positive shift in attitudea lower poverty linemore undesirable behaviormore stable familiesIn 2015, out-of-wedlock births in the black community were ___________.
5%25%73%85%
- The absence of fathers is an increasingly prevalent problem in America, particularly in the African-American community.
As detailed in a 2015 Pew Research study, the percentage of America’s children that have grown up in single-parent homes has climbed steeply over the last half-century. For decades, the problem has been particularly pronounced among African-Americans.
View sourceIn 2016, around 7 in 10 black children were raised in a single-parent home, overwhelmingly by single mothers.
View sourceAsked “between the presence of white racism and the absence of black fathers, which poses the bigger threat to the black community,” Kweisi Mfume, president of the NAACP from 1996-2004, responded, “The absence of black fathers.”
View sourceRelated reading: “An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births in the United States” – Brookings Institute
View sourceRelated reading: “Father-Absent Homes: Implications For Criminal Justice and Mental Health Professionals” – Jerrod Brown
View source- Children who grow up without a father are far more likely to live in poverty, drop out of school, commit crime, and end up in prison.
In his famous “fatherhood” speech of 2008, then-Senator Barack Obama presented eye-opening statistics on the impact of absent fathers: "We all know the statistics. That children who grow up without a father are five times more likely to live in poverty and commit crime; nine times more likely to drop out of school and 20 times more likely to end up in prison.”
View sourceThe Journal of Research on Adolescence confirmed that even after controlling for varying levels of household income, kids in father-absent homes are more likely to end up in jail.
View sourceThe late-rapper Tupac Shakur once said of his own experience growing up without a father: "“I know for a fact that had I had a father, I'd have some discipline. I'd have more confidence. Your mother cannot calm you down the way a man can. Your mother can't reassure you the way a man can. My mother couldn't show me where my manhood was. You need a man to teach you how to be a man.
View sourceRelated reading: “Beyond Absenteeism: Father Incarceration and Child Development” – Amanda Geller, et al.
View source- The welfare state creates disincentives that hurt the very people it’s supposed to help.
In 1949, the nation’s poverty rate was 34%; by 1965, it was cut in half, to 17 percent — all before President Lyndon Johnson’s “War on Poverty.” After that war began in 1965, poverty began to flat line. From 1965 until now, the government has spent over $20 trillion to fight poverty.
View sourceBetween 1965 and 2015, out-of-wedlock births among African-Americans, Hispanics and Whites dramatically increased.
View sourceIn 1985, the Los Angeles Times asked both the poor and the non-poor whether poor women "often" have children to get additional benefits. Most of the non-poor respondents said no. However, 64 percent of poor respondents said yes.
View sourceIn an analysis on race and economics, economist Walter Williams, citing the research of Thomas Sowell, writes that census data from 1890 to 1940 shows that a black child was more likely to grow up with married parents than a white child and studies show that black children are less likely now to be raised by both their mother and father than “even during slavery, where marriage was forbidden.”
View sourceRelated reading: “Dear Father, Dear Son: Two Lives…Eight Hours” – Larry Elder
View source
Years ago, I interviewed Kweisi Mfume, then the president of the NAACP. “As between the presence of white racism and the absence of black fathers,” I asked, “Which poses the bigger threat to the black community?” Without missing a beat, he said, “The absence of black fathers.”
It was President Barack Obama who said, "We all know the statistics. That children who grow up without a father are five times more likely to live in poverty and commit crime; nine times more likely to drop out of school and 20 times more likely to end up in prison.”
The Journal of Research on Adolescence confirms that even after controlling for varying levels of household income, kids in father-absent homes are more likely to end up in jail. And kids who never had a father in the house are the most likely to wind up behind bars.
In 1960, 5 percent of America's children entered the world without a mother and father married to each other. By 1980 it was 18 percent, by 2000 it had risen to 33 percent, and fifteen years later, the number reached 41 percent.
For blacks, even during slavery when marriage for slaves was illegal, black children were more likely than today to be raised by both their mother and father. Economist Walter Williams has written that, according to census data, from 1890 to 1940, a black child was more likely to grow up with married parents than a white child.
For blacks, out-of-wedlock births have gone from 25 percent in 1965 to 73 percent in 2015. For whites, from less than 5 percent to over 25 percent. And for Hispanics, out-of-wedlock births have risen to 53 percent.
What happened to fathers?
The answer is found in a basic law of economics: If you subsidize undesirable behavior you will get more undesirable behavior. In 1949, the nation’s poverty rate was 34 percent. By 1965, it was cut in half, to 17 percent -- all before President Lyndon Johnson’s so-called War on Poverty. But after that war began in 1965, poverty began to flat line. From 1965 until now, the government has spent over $20 trillion to fight poverty.
The poverty rate has remained unchanged, but the relationship between poor men and women has changed – dramatically. That’s because our generous welfare system allows women, in effect, to marry the government. And this makes it all too easy for men to abandon their traditional moral and financial responsibilities. Psychologists call such dependency "learned helplessness."
How do we know that the welfare state creates disincentives that hurt the very people we are trying to help? They tell us.
In 1985, the Los Angeles Times asked both the poor and the non-poor whether poor women "often" have children to get additional benefits. Most of the non-poor respondents said no. However, 64 percent of poor respondents said yes. Now, who do you think is in a better position to know?
Tupac Shakur, the late rapper, once said: "I know for a fact that had I had a father, I'd have some discipline. I'd have more confidence." He admitted he began running with gangs because he wanted the things a father gives to a child, especially to a boy: structure and protection.
“Your mother cannot calm you down the way a man can,” Shakur said. “You need a man to teach you how to be a man."
In my book "Dear Father, Dear Son," I write about my rough, tough World War II Marine staff sergeant dad. Born in the Jim Crow South of Athens, Ga., he was 14 at the start of the Great Depression. Growing up, I watched my father work two full-time jobs as a janitor. He also cooked for a rich family on the weekends--and somehow managed to go to night school to get his GED. When I was 10, my father opened a small restaurant that he ran until he retired in his mid-80s.
He was never angry or bitter--and insisted that today’s America was very different from the world of racial segregation and limited opportunity in which he grew up. "Hard work wins,” he told me and my brothers. “You get out of life what you put into it. You can’t control the outcome, but you are 100% in control of the effort. And before blaming other people, go to the nearest mirror and ask yourself, ‘what could I have done to change the outcome?’” This advice shaped my life.
Fathers matter. Until we have a government policy that makes that its first priority, nothing will change.
I’m Larry Elder for Prager University.
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